What is doppler move meter?
Doppler flow meter is a kind of ultrasonic circulate meter. These gadgets use the scientific principle of the Doppler effect to measure the volumetric circulate by way of a pipe. This is done in such a means that the Doppler circulate meter is clamped to the surface of the pipe, so it does not disturb the circulate as other types of flow meters require.
Doppler move meters use the frequency of the ultrasonic beam to discover out the move rate of a liquid. เกจวัดแรงดัน is possible as a end result of Doppler impact found by Austrian scientist Christian Johann Doppler in the early 1800s. Essentially, the Doppler effect means that the frequency of a sound wave is dependent upon the movement of the sound receiver, or the supply of the sound relative to the medium via which the sound travels. In this case, the medium during which the sound wave propagates is the liquid flowing via the pipe.
In order for a Doppler flowmeter to work correctly, the liquid must comprise particles or bubbles, so it works nicely for soiled liquids, however not so properly for clear water. The circulate meter emits an ultrasonic signal, which is reflected by particles and bubbles, resulting in a shift in signal frequency. This frequency shift is measured by the flowmeter.
How does doppler flowmeter work?
The Doppler flowmeter converts the measured frequency shift right into a volumetric move fee. The velocity of flow within the pipe is calculated utilizing the frequency shift, the unique frequency of the ultrasonic signal, the velocity of the sound through the emitter materials, and the sine of the angle of the signal into the liquid. Once the rate is thought, the volumetric flow rate could be simply calculated by multiplying the velocity by the area of the pipe.
In calculating the circulate fee, the meter detects the rate at the discontinuity, not the rate of the fluid. The velocity of move (V) could be determined by the following equation.
V = (f 0 – f 1 )Ct / 2f zero cos(a)
the place Ct is the pace of sound inside the transducer, f0 is the transmission frequency, f1 is the reflection frequency, and a is the angle of the transmitter and receiver crystals with respect to the tube axis. Since C t / 2f 0 cos(a) is a constant (K), the relationship may be simplified to
V = (f 0 – f 1 )K
Thus, the flow rate V (ft/sec) is proportional to the change in frequency. The flow rate (Q in gpm) in a pipe with a selected inside diameter (ID in.) may be obtained by the following equation
Q = 2.45V(ID) 2 = 2.45f 0 -f 1 )K 2
The presence of acoustic discontinuities is crucial to the right operation of a Doppler flow meter. The generally accepted rule of thumb is that for correct signal reflection, no less than 80-100 mg/l of solid particles are +200 mesh (+75 microns) in measurement. In the case of bubbles, a diameter of 100-200 mg/l between +75 and +150 microns is right. If the scale or concentration of the discontinuity changes, the amplitude of the reflected signal might be shifted, introducing errors.
Doppler flowmeters may have one or two sensors. Both types include a transmitter and a receiver, however in a single sensor Doppler flow meter they’re contained in one sensor. Reflected particles within the liquid replicate the transmitted signal back to the receiver. In a dual sensor move meter, the transmitter and receiver are sandwiched on reverse sides of the pipe.
Doppler circulate meters is usually a good monitoring possibility because they do not intervene with move and require little upkeep. In addition, they will present fast and accurate circulate measurements for a wide range of liquids beneath a wide selection of temperature and flow circumstances. On the opposite hand, liquids must comprise air bubbles or particles for the meter to work properly, and lined or chrome steel piping can intervene with the transmitter signal and reduce measurement accuracy.
Advantages of Doppler ultrasonic move meters
Doppler flow meters can be utilized where different meters do not work. This may be liquid slurries, aerated liquids or liquids containing small or massive quantities of suspended solids. The advantages can be summarized as follows.
Less obstruction to move
Can be put in outdoors the pipe
Pressure drop equal to the equal length of a straight pipe1
Low flow cut-off
Corrosion resistance
Relatively low energy consumption
Extended reading:
Ultrasonic circulate meter working precept
Select the proper water move meter
Mass circulate price vs volumetric circulate price
Relation between move and stresse
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What is doppler move meter?
Doppler flow meter is a sort of ultrasonic move meter. These units use the scientific precept of the Doppler impact to measure the volumetric circulate by way of a pipe. This is completed in such a way that the Doppler move meter is clamped to the outside of the pipe, so it does not disturb the circulate as other forms of flow meters require.
Doppler circulate meters use the frequency of the ultrasonic beam to determine the move fee of a liquid. This measurement is possible due to the Doppler effect discovered by Austrian scientist Christian Johann Doppler within the early 1800s. Essentially, the Doppler effect means that the frequency of a sound wave is decided by the motion of the sound receiver, or the supply of the sound relative to the medium through which the sound travels. In this case, the medium during which the sound wave propagates is the liquid flowing through the pipe.
In order for a Doppler flowmeter to work correctly, the liquid should contain particles or bubbles, so it works properly for soiled liquids, however not so well for clear water. The flow meter emits an ultrasonic signal, which is mirrored by particles and bubbles, resulting in a shift in sign frequency. This frequency shift is measured by the flowmeter.
How does doppler flowmeter work?
The Doppler flowmeter converts the measured frequency shift right into a volumetric circulate rate. The velocity of flow within the pipe is calculated utilizing the frequency shift, the unique frequency of the ultrasonic signal, the velocity of the sound via the emitter material, and the sine of the angle of the sign into the liquid. Once the speed is thought, the volumetric circulate price may be simply calculated by multiplying the velocity by the realm of the pipe.
In calculating the circulate rate, the meter detects the velocity at the discontinuity, not the speed of the fluid. The velocity of circulate (V) may be decided by the following equation.
V = (f 0 – f 1 )Ct / 2f zero cos(a)
where Ct is the pace of sound contained in the transducer, f0 is the transmission frequency, f1 is the reflection frequency, and a is the angle of the transmitter and receiver crystals with respect to the tube axis. Since C t / 2f 0 cos(a) is a continuing (K), the connection could be simplified to
V = (f 0 – f 1 )K
Thus, the circulate price V (ft/sec) is proportional to the change in frequency. The move price (Q in gpm) in a pipe with a particular inner diameter (ID in.) can be obtained by the following equation
Q = 2.45V(ID) 2 = 2.45f zero -f 1 )K 2
The presence of acoustic discontinuities is crucial to the proper operation of a Doppler move meter. The typically accepted rule of thumb is that for correct sign reflection, a minimum of 80-100 mg/l of strong particles are +200 mesh (+75 microns) in measurement. In the case of bubbles, a diameter of 100-200 mg/l between +75 and +150 microns is right. If the size or concentration of the discontinuity changes, the amplitude of the reflected signal might be shifted, introducing errors.
Doppler flowmeters may have one or two sensors. Both sorts include a transmitter and a receiver, however in a single sensor Doppler flow meter they are contained in one sensor. Reflected particles within the liquid replicate the transmitted signal back to the receiver. In a twin sensor circulate meter, the transmitter and receiver are sandwiched on opposite sides of the pipe.
Doppler move meters can be a good monitoring choice because they don’t intervene with flow and require little maintenance. In addition, they will provide quick and accurate flow measurements for a variety of liquids underneath a wide selection of temperature and circulate circumstances. On the opposite hand, liquids must comprise air bubbles or particles for the meter to work properly, and lined or stainless-steel piping can interfere with the transmitter signal and cut back measurement accuracy.
Advantages of Doppler ultrasonic move meters
Doppler flow meters can be used where other meters do not work. This may be liquid slurries, aerated liquids or liquids containing small or large amounts of suspended solids. The benefits could be summarized as follows.
Less obstruction to circulate
Can be put in outdoors the pipe
Pressure drop equal to the equal length of a straight pipe1
Low circulate cut-off
Corrosion resistance
Relatively low energy consumption
Extended reading:
Ultrasonic move meter working principle
Select the proper water flow meter
Mass move fee vs volumetric move price
Relation between flow and stresse